Sejal Pandey profile

Sejal Pandey

Sejal pandey works on content and growth at last9, writing about observability, reliability, and sre practices.

Istio, Linkerd and Envoy pods with sidecar proxies cabled together and to a meter

Service Mesh Observability: Istio, Linkerd and Envoy Metrics

Service mesh observability guide: the metrics Istio, Linkerd and Envoy proxies emit, what ambient mode changes, and why tracing still needs app changes.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of a conveyor belt carrying package cubes through three gate frames marked with the GitHub Actions, Jenkins and Argo logos, the middle gate's lamp glowing lime, with a cable from the end of the belt to a monitor whose lime screen shows stacked timeline bars

CI/CD Pipeline Observability: GitHub Actions, Jenkins and ArgoCD

CI/CD observability guide: the OpenTelemetry CI/CD conventions, tracing GitHub Actions and Jenkins runs, queue time, failure vs error, and deploy markers.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

A switchboard patched into three tool units, with the middle unit's lamp glowing lime

MCP Server Monitoring: Tracing Tool Calls with OpenTelemetry

MCP server monitoring guide: spans, metrics and logs to record for tool calls, why failed tools look healthy, and how to trace requests from client to server.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

A handheld meter probing the outside of a sealed box marked with the Prometheus logo

Prometheus Blackbox Exporter: Setup, Probes and Alerts

Set up the Prometheus Blackbox Exporter: install it, write HTTP, TCP, DNS and ICMP modules, relabel scrape targets, and alert on probe_success and SSL expiry.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric filing cabinet for the vector index, its middle drawer lit lime, cabled to a retro CRT whose screen shows a trace waterfall with the retrieval span highlighted

RAG Pipeline Observability: What to Trace at Every Stage

RAG pipeline observability guide: the spans, attributes and metrics to record for embedding, retrieval, reranking and generation, plus evals for bad answers.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of a conveyor of message cubes feeding three function units, one still starting up in dashed outline, with the two running units marked with the Azure Functions logo and cabled to a meter whose lime screen shows a needle gauge

Azure Functions Monitoring: Metrics, Logs and OpenTelemetry

Azure Functions monitoring guide: platform metrics by hosting plan, why executions go missing in Application Insights, OpenTelemetry setup and alerts.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing: the Amazon CloudWatch mark above a panel of twelve small gauge dials, with one cable running to a monitor whose screen glows lime with a rising line.

7 CloudWatch Alternatives for AWS Monitoring in 2026

Compare 7 Amazon CloudWatch alternatives: why custom metrics and logs get expensive, what changed in 2026, and how to move without losing AWS metrics.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

A tape unit with the Sumo Logic wordmark, routed through a switch to one of three destination units, with the chosen destination's screen glowing lime

7 Sumo Logic Alternatives Worth Evaluating in 2026

Compare 7 Sumo Logic alternatives for logs and observability: how each one bills for logs, where it fits, and how to migrate off Sumo Logic safely.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of a control plane unit with the Kubernetes mark, cabled to three worker node trays holding pod cubes, the last one full, wired to a meter whose lime screen shows three rising bars

AWS EKS Monitoring: Control Plane, Nodes and Pod IPs

AWS EKS monitoring guide: free control plane metrics, control plane logs, node health, VPC CNI IP exhaustion, and which alerts to set first.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of a short queue of request cubes waiting at a load balancer box, cabled to three server racks and to a meter whose lime screen shows a needle gauge

HAProxy Monitoring: Stats, Prometheus Metrics and Alerts

HAProxy monitoring guide: the stats page and socket, the built-in Prometheus exporter, the metrics that matter, why queue time averages mislead, and alerts.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing of a board holding staggered slabs like the spans of a trace waterfall, piped through a valve with a hand wheel into a mechanical counter that carries the Honeycomb logo and whose five digit windows glow lime, standing for spans counted as billable events with sampling controlling the flow

Honeycomb Pricing Explained (2026): Events, Tiers and Real Costs

Honeycomb pricing explained: Free, Pro and Enterprise limits, the 2026 Pro rate per million events, how spans count, throttling, and a worked bill.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of three warehouse units of growing size, the largest marked with the Snowflake logo, with a short queue of small cubes in front of the smallest, cabled into a counter whose lime screen tallies credits

Snowflake Monitoring: Queries, Warehouses and Credit Costs

Snowflake monitoring guide: ACCOUNT_USAGE views and their delay, the query and warehouse metrics that matter, idle credits, resource monitors and alerts.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Stacks of thin data parts feeding a merge press marked with the ClickHouse logo that outputs one solid block, cabled to a meter whose lime screen shows rising bars, standing for part counts being watched

ClickHouse Monitoring: Key Metrics, System Tables and Alerts

ClickHouse monitoring guide: the Prometheus endpoint, the system tables that explain slow queries, the Too many parts limits, replication lag and alerts.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of a cloud above a node platform holding six container cubes, cabled to a meter whose lime screen shows a needle gauge, with the Kubernetes wheel on its side

GKE Monitoring: Metrics, Packages and Alerts

GKE monitoring guide: what Google Kubernetes Engine collects by default, which metric packages to turn on, Autopilot limits, and the alerts to set.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of four executor units cabled into one monitor whose lime screen shows a task timeline with one bar running far longer than the rest, with the Apache Spark star on its side

Apache Spark Monitoring: Spark UI, Metrics and Alerts

Apache Spark monitoring guide: what the Spark UI shows, how to keep it after a job ends, finding skew and spill, Prometheus metrics, and alerts.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of three server racks, each under a cloud outline, cabled into one monitor whose lime screen shows three lines on one chart

Multi-Cloud Monitoring: How to Watch AWS, Azure and GCP Together

Multi-cloud monitoring guide: why the same metric differs across AWS, Azure and GCP, and how to normalize it with OpenTelemetry into one view.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of a graphics card with two fans, cabled to a small standing meter whose lime screen shows a bar readout

NVIDIA DCGM Exporter: Setup and GPU Metrics Guide

Set up the NVIDIA DCGM Exporter with Docker or Helm, pick the right DCGM metrics, enable profiling counters, map GPUs to Kubernetes pods, and add alerts.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing of a computer memory module marked with the Dynatrace logo, cabled to three coin stacks that rise in height from left to right, with only the top coin of the tallest stack lit in lime, standing for a monitoring bill that grows with host memory

Dynatrace Pricing Explained (2026): Rates, DPS and Real Costs

Dynatrace pricing explained: DPS annual commits, the hourly rate card for hosts, pods, logs and RUM, why memory drives Full-Stack cost, and a worked bill.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Isometric line drawing of two analog meters and an alarm bell: the left meter shows the error budget with its needle near E, the right meter shows the burn rate with its needle in a lime zone marked x14.4, and a cable from it rings the bell

Error Budgets: How to Calculate and Alert on Burn Rate

An error budget is the unreliability an SLO allows. Learn to calculate it, track burn rate, set multiwindow alerts in PromQL and write an error budget policy.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Eight isometric instrument modules in two rows, each with a vendor logo on its front face: Datadog, Grafana, New Relic, Dynatrace, Honeycomb, Last9, Coralogix and SigNoz, with only the Last9 module raised and its screen glowing lime

Best Observability Tools in 2026: 8 Platforms Compared

A practical comparison of the best observability tools in 2026: Last9, Datadog, Grafana Cloud, New Relic, Dynatrace, Honeycomb, Coralogix and SigNoz.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing: one dashboard card with a lime sparkline, marked ×50 into a grid of twenty cards, then ×4 into a Grafana-branded paper receipt with a glowing lime total.

Grafana Cloud Pricing Explained (2026): What Teams Pay

Grafana Cloud pricing broken down: free tier limits, Pro rates for metrics, logs and traces, how active series and DPM are billed, and worked cost examples.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric agent console wired to three tool devices, with only one cable and one tool glowing lime as the active call

AI Agent Observability: What to Trace and What It Catches

AI agent observability means tracing tool calls, reasoning steps, and handoffs, not just tokens and latency. Here's what to instrument and why.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

A row of isometric Puma worker blocks, one glowing lime with all its threads busy and requests queued beside it

Rails Performance Monitoring: What to Watch and Why It Slows Down

How to monitor a Rails application in production: reading Puma's stats endpoint, spotting GC pressure, and finding the query that's actually slow.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Four isometric automation units joined by a cable, one glowing lime to mark the job that was picked

SRE Automation Tools: What to Automate and Which Tools Help

SRE automation covers four different jobs: runbook automation, self-healing infrastructure, drift detection, and resilience testing.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

A row of PHP-FPM worker slots with one overloaded and requests queuing behind it

PHP Performance Monitoring: What to Watch and Why It Slows Down

How to monitor a PHP application in production: reading the PHP-FPM status page, checking OPcache health, and finding the request that is actually slow.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing: three needle meters are cabled into a central switchboard console whose grid of indicator lights has exactly one lamp lit, standing for many scattered signals correlated down to a single answer

What Is AIOps? Definition, How It Works, and Real Examples

AIOps explained in plain terms: what it means, how it differs from AI-SRE and MLOps, how it detects problems, and whether a small team needs it.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Eight low isometric consoles in two rows, each with an AI observability vendor logo and a trace waterfall screen: Langfuse, LangSmith, Helicone, Arize Phoenix, Datadog, Last9, Braintrust and W&B Weave, with only the Last9 console raised and its screen glowing lime

Best AI Observability Tools in 2026: 8 Tools Compared

Eight LLM and AI agent observability platforms compared: what each tracks, pricing and free tiers, self-hosting options, and who each is built for.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing: a small analog meter and a reel-to-reel tape recorder, one on each side, are wired by cables into a central mechanical adding machine whose display glows lime.

Cloud Cost Management for Observability: A Practical Guide

Observability spend is outgrowing infrastructure budgets. What drives the cost up, how pricing models work, and a practical framework to manage it.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

A branch point labeled leaving Cribl forking into three paths: open-source self-hosted tools, commercial angle-specific platforms, and Last9's full-stack platform

6 Cribl Alternatives Worth Evaluating in 2026

Cribl's credit pricing and setup complexity send teams looking elsewhere. Compare 6 real Cribl competitors and alternatives, for observability and SecOps.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

An isometric line drawing: a needle meter, a tape deck and an oscilloscope are wired into a central switchboard console, one cable leaves it to ring a single glowing alarm bell, and a lever stands apart on its own plinth, connected to nothing

Incident Response Automation: A Practical Playbook

A stage-by-stage playbook for automating incident response: what to automate at detection, triage, and remediation, what to deliberately leave manual, and a checklist to run against your current setup.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Anatomy of an error log line: annotated Nginx, Apache, and Linux syslog examples

Reading Application Error Logs: Nginx, Apache & System Logs

A quick-reference guide to reading Nginx, Apache, and Linux syslog error lines: what each field means, with real annotated examples.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

How SLI, SLO, and SLA connect

SLO vs SLA: What's the Difference?

An SLO is the internal reliability target your team sets. An SLA is the contractual promise you make to a customer. Here's how they differ, with real examples.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey

Kubernetes Pods and Nodes: What Sets Them Apart

Kubernetes Pods vs Nodes: What Sets Them Apart

A Kubernetes Node is the machine, a Pod is the smallest thing that runs on it. Here's exactly how they differ, how they relate to clusters, and how each one scales.

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Sejal Pandey

Sejal Pandey